Journal: Journal of Inflammation (London, England)
Article Title: Insulin augments tumor necrosis factor-alpha stimulated expression of vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 in vascular endothelial cells
doi: 10.1186/1476-9255-8-34
Figure Lengend Snippet: Insulin and Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha (TNFα) stimulate increases in VCAM-1 expression in vascular endothelial cells (VEC) . Cells were incubated in growth medium until 80% confluent. Growth medium was removed from cultured cells and replaced with serum-free medium for 24 h. Cells were treated without or with [A] insulin (INS) (10 nM), [B] TNFα (20 ng/mL) or [C] both for designated times and VCAM-1 protein expression was determined via Western blot analysis. Western blots are representative profiles of six assays. [D] Changes in VCAM-1 protein are expressed as the percent of control and represent the mean ± standard error of the mean (SEM) for six independent experiments. *, P < 0.05 vs controls (serum-free medium alone); **, P < 0.05 vs TNFα alone.
Article Snippet: Vascular endothelial cells (VEC) were rat aorta vascular cells purchased from ATCC (Manassas, VA) (Cat# CRL 1446) and maintained in culture medium from Gibco/Invitrogen (Carlsbad, CA).
Techniques: Expressing, Incubation, Cell Culture, Western Blot, Control